Assessment for Learning Essay Example for Free

Assessment for Learning EssayThe Assessment Reform Group (2002) identifies ten principles to guide schoolroom practice in judicial decision for accomplishment . Choose five of particular relevance to your practice and evaluate them in congener to the pupil experience in your direct. Assessment for attainment (AFL) is the shit out of seeking and interpreting evidence for expenditure by learners and their enlighteners to decide where the learners ar in their reading, where they charter to be and how to action their goal.Black and William (1998) in their research on the habit of formative judicial decision in the classroom found ten principles of sagacity which guide classroom practice in AFL. (Assessment Reform Group, 2003) The school I work in is a city ground multi cultural school. UIS caters for tiddlerren from any backgrounds and inclusion is of importance to our setting. I work in key stage 1 as a HLTA. I do PPA cover throughout the year 1 classes and I cov er when a disciplineer is a agency wherever possible. The subjects I t apiece ar the foundation subjects which are History, Geography, R. S and Music.I plan, implement and assess these subjects. In UIS, we believe that effective judgment provides information to mitigate commandment and information. To do this in our school, we undertake deuce different but complementary types of assessment assessment for learning and assessment of learning Assessment for learning (formative assessment) involves the use of assessment in the classroom to raise pupil movements. It is based on the idea that pupils will improve most, if they understand the aim of their learning, where they are in relation to this aim, and how they stick out achieve this aim i.e. to close the gap in their fellowship.Assessment of learning (summative assessment) involves judging pupils performance against national standards. Teachers may ask this notion at the end of a unit of work, a term, a year, or if a key stage. We give our minorren regular feedback on their learning so they understand what it is that they need to do better. Research has shown that their involvement in the review process raises standards, and that it empowers pupils to take action towards improving their performance.The objectives of this assessment are to enable our kidskinren to demonstrate what they know, understand and can do their work to help our children recognise the standards to aim for, and to understand what they need to do succeeding(a) to improve their work to allow teachers to plan work that accurately reflects the necessarily of each child to provide regular information for the parents and carers that enables them to support their childs learning to provide the head teacher and governors with information that allows them to make a judgement about the effectiveness of the school.To support our commandment, we use the Early Years Foundation Stage guidance, the native Framework literacy and mathema tics schemes of work based on National Curriculum objectives. We assess children at the end of each unit of work to help us identify each childs level of attainment. The first principle that I will be talk abouting is that assessment for learning should be part of effective planning of teaching and learning. The teachers plan their lessons with dissonant(a) learning objectives. We base these upon the teachers detailed knowledge of each child.UIS strive to ensure that all businesss set are appropriate to each childs readiness. Our lesson plans make clear the expected outcomes of each lesson. (Appendix 1) Teachers always share the lessons learning objectives with the children as the lesson begins. They alike indicate the way in which the activity is connect to the learning objective, and the criteria against which the work will be judged which is the success criteria. Teachers ask intumesce phrased questions and analyse pupils responses to find out what they know, understand and can do, and to reveal their misconceptions.We identify those man-to-man children who do not achieve, or exceed, the expected level for the lesson, and we use this information when planning for the next lesson. Tar becomes are set for end of Key Sage 1 and approved by Governors and the local Authority. UIS set year group targets in Mathematics, Reading and Writing for all our classes, during each academic year. These are expected levels of deed reached by the end of the year for the majority of children and the more able in class. In Foundation1, staffs know that the next meter children need to take is through overbearing observation.These are shared with parents and talked through with children where appropriate. In Foundation 2 children have individual reading targets and group writing targets. In Key Stage 1 all children have individual and group targets in reading, writing and maths. Childrens targets are passed over to parents and carers, the progress of each child at th e end of each term is reviewed, and revised targets are set. UIS recognise various methods of assessing a childs learning. The type of assessment that our school make varies from subject to subject. We assess informally throughout the term, based on observations made by teachers or support staff.Every week I annotate assessment of the class I teach on my plan(appendix 2) and at the end of term fill out the assessment sheet. (Appendix 3) These observations are recorded in a variety of temporary formats, such as post-it notes, and are apply to inform the Foundation Stage Profile or National Curriculum levels. We take the objectives for individual lessons from the board learning objectives within the schools curriculum plan. These in turn reflect the demands of the National Curriculum / EYFS. The teachers record the progress of each child against these board objectives.This enables them to make ajudgement about the work each child in relation to national standards and allows them to monitor the progress of each child. Each teacher passes this information on to the next teacher at the end of each year. Teachers can review the rate of progress by looking at work in pupils folders or deterrent example books and by the marks in the record books. They can indeed use this to adjust day to day teaching and plan further work. wiz way to improve manageability would be to make a note only of those pupils who achieve significantly above or below the expected outcomes of a task (QCA, p. 3).The second principle that I will be discussing is how assessment for learning focuses on how students learn. If children dont learn the way we teach perhaps we should teach the way they learn (Eppig, 1981). The process of learning has to be in the minds of both the learner and the teacher. Assessment for learning helps those pupils, who do not always find learning easy, to make progress. Planning for personalised learning focuses on what teachers need to do ,individually and collab oratively ,to develop assessment for learning and personalise learning by establishing supportive conditions for learning(AFL,Primary Framework).When we do our assessment of a lesson we have to consider the different styles in which pupils learn. Day to day assessments is an on going and essential part of teaching and learning. Teachers and children continually reflect on how learning is progressing, see where improvements can be made and identify the next steps to take (national strategies standard) . When undertaking assessment of pupils, teachers use their knowledge of individual children in deciding on how to go about assessing the pupil.Research on grading pupils, shows that children are less motivated and often dem unwrittenised when they are continually compared to each an separate(prenominal). They need to know the criteria for the next level above ,but they do not need to know what that level is called. (Clarke,2001,p. 74) We have to consider the spirit and level of suppo rt that the pupil receives as part of a normal classroom routine. The tasks and assessments are intended to assess a childs ability in fair and a comparable way. If a child is a visual learner and for the assessment to be fair to him we adapt the shew by having pictures inserted as well as questions.For those children that are auditory learners we read out the questions to the whole class and this enables them to fulfil their learning style. In our setting we have a working wall where the children are able to see what the objective and the success criteria of the lesson are. Appendix 4 On the working wall for the visual learner, we have two eyes to show what the teacher is looking for and ears to show the children to listen. For those children where English is an additional language we have support staff that are available while the test is taking place, so the staff can help where appropriate.Our school aims to be an inclusive school. We actively seek to remove the barriers to lea rning and participation that can halter or exclude individual pupils, or groups of pupils. We achieve educational inclusion by continually reviewing what we do, by monitoring data, and through ask ourselves questions about the performance of these individuals and groups of pupils. In our setting there is a boy that is very able but his writing adroitnesss are very poor. His fine and gross motor skill are underdeveloped so to get the best out of him, he does all his work on the computer which is then assessed.Children that are on the S. E. N . register have their own I. E. P. s to work from with their allocated support staff, once their target is achieved they move on to the next target from their P-scales. The third principle that I would like to discuss is that assessment for learning should be recognised as central to classroom practice. Tasks and questions should prompt learners to demonstrate their knowledge, understanding and skills. In our setting assessment for learning is recognised as central to classroom practice. In the Foundation unit the teachers normally plan the lesson with the ideas given by children.On a Friday subsequentlynoon the teacher has circle time with her class where she run lows off with a basic topic and the children then give ideas on what they would like to do around the topic. In considering the ideas of the children it prompts the learners to learn and helps with the ongoing of assessments. I did a lesson on electricity in a year2 class which I was covering . In order for me to assess the children I asked a lot of open questions which prompted them to effect. The open questions gave the children the opportunity and encouraged them to think beyond the literal.Research on wait-time showed that teachers need to leave five seconds after asking children a question, to allow them to respond. This is the optimum time it takes to process the question to formulate the answer (Clarke, 2001. p. 87). After having watched the classroo m experiment I was able to take on board the idea of waiting time which I now religiously apply. Increasing waiting time after asking questions proved difficult to start with due to my habitual desire to add something almost immediately after asking the original question. The pause after asking the question was sometimes painful. It mat up unnatural to have such a seemingly dead period, but I persevered. Given more thinking time, students seemed to realize that a more careful answer was required (D e r e k, Century Island School). The disallow side to the waiting time is that some teachers wait for two seconds before they every ask another child or answer the question themselves . Children often then do not try to think of a response, because they know that the answer would be given or another child would be asked to answer. The lesson was very inter-active I was able to assess whether my success criteria was achieved.When I handed the worksheets to the children I had asked them to drop a line the learning objective below the date and to refer to it when they were doing there work. The fourth principle that I would be discussing is that learners should receive constructive guidance about how to improve their learning. An assessment activity can help learning if it provides information that teachers and their students can use as feedback in assessing themselves and one another and in modifying the teaching and learning activities in which they are fastend.Such assessment becomes formative assessment when the evidence is actually used to adapt the teaching work to meet learning needs (Black and William, 1989). Most learners are curious to know how they have done in a task . Feedback is sometimes seen as part of a behaviourist come out to learning ,where it is part of the sequence stimulus-response reinforcement (Wragg,2001,p. 27). The aim of sucker in our setting is to improve the quality of teaching and learning in the classroom. Whilst doing my researc hI found out that Nancy from Riverside school says that her marking has developed from comments with targets and grades, which is the school policy, to comments and targets only. Pupils do work on targets and corrections more productively if no grades are given. Marking is an integral part of assessment and target setting and the outcomes inform short, medium and long term planning. Its rationale is to enable every child to achieve their full potential. It is recognised that one to one oral feedback is most valuable for young children.It should remind the child of the learning intention and emphasise the positive aspects of the childs practical or recorded work. Various research studies have concluded that feedback is most useful when it focuses on the learning intention of the task kind of than other features of the work(Clarke,2001,p. 50). In our setting the minimal response for all written work is that it should be initialled and dated to acknowledge that it has been seen. Math s work is usually ticked if correct and marked with a bullet point to signify that the answer needs to be checked.In UIS traffic lights are used to indicate whether the child has achieved the success criteria for the task. Green-learning objective met, orange-a few examples of learning objective having been met, red-learning objective not met, need to see the teacher. (Appendix 5). When a child meets the learning objective the work may be underlined or highlighted in some way to acknowledge the childs success. Smiley faces are used to indicate good effort. Whilst doing my research and talking to other teachers in school I found out that each child gets a detailed feedback of their work at regular intervals.This detailed feedback could be oral or written and should be specific and cogitate to the learning intention set for the particular piece of work. Feedback needs to indicate areas where improvements or next step targets are to focus. It is key to allow children the time to refl ect on the feedback and make improvements to a specific piece of work. The fifth principle that I would like to discuss is assessment for learning develop learners capacity for self-assessment so that they can become reflective and self managing. In practice, peer assessment turns out to be an important complement to self-assessment.Peer assessment is uniquely valuable because students may accept criticisms of their work from one another that they would not take seriously if the remarks were offered by a teacher(Black and William. p. 6). Peer assessment and self-assessment is much more than children marking their own or each others work. To improve learning, it must be an activity that engages children with the quality of their work and helps them reflect on how to improve it. Peer assessment enables children to give each other valuable feedback so they learn from and support each other.It adds a valuable dimension to learning the opportunity to talk, discuss, explain and challenge each other enables children to achieve beyond what they can learn unaided. Peer assessment helps develop self-assessment, which promotes independent learning, helping children to take increasing responsibility for their own progress. Research shows that if self-evaluation is linked with the learning intention of a task, childrens progress, persistence and self-conceit is improved(Black and William,1998). The development of peer assessment and self-assessment takes planning, time, patience and commitment.When children dont understand the intended learning outcomes they find it difficult to move beyond superficial criteria related to neatness and spelling. By using a range of strategies and by dedicating time to allow children to reflect on and discuss their learning teachers can develop childrens peer assessment and self-assessment skills. Independent learners have the ability to seek out and gain new skills, new knowledge and new understandings. They are able to engage in self-ref lection and to identify the next steps in their learning.Teachers should equip learners with desire and the capacity to take charge of their learning through developing the skills of self-assessment (Assessment Reform Group, 2002). UIS trains children to use the traffic light system to indicate directly on their work to what extent they feel they have achieved the learning objective of their given task and how capture they feel they are in their learning. This helps the teacher to identify if a child is having any difficulty and this also give the children confidence in seeking help.The negative aspects of using the traffic light system at right at the end of the lesson is that some children who are over confident tend to rank their achievement very high and those children that have low confidence tend to under estimate themselves. Teachers in our setting also encourage children use the thumbs up that is when a child is confident they have achieved what was expected of them, thumbs sideways which indicates that they are half way there in understanding the objective ,but could achieve more and thumbs stack which indicates that the child does not really understand and needs a bit more help.In order to develop pupils skills with self assessing their work we use prompt questions which the children can think about when reviewing their work. Pupils need to be able to assess their own progress to become more independent learners. One of the reasons peer assessment is so valuable is because children often give and receive criticisms of their work more freely than in the traditional teacher/child interchange. another(prenominal) advantage is that the language used by children to each other is the language they would naturally use, rather than school language (Black et al, 2003).We regularly do peer marking which I find very helpful indeed. A lot of misconceptions come to the fore, and we then discuss these as we are going over the work. I then go over the peer marki ng and talk to pupils individually as I go round the room. Peer evaluation works really well because children learn from each other where they have gone wrong and how to put it right. The advantage of peer assessment is that children get to work with different children and they get a wide idea on how the pupil has achieved their success criteria.Some children assume that the more able children never find anything difficult, but this process makes them aware that all learners find some aspects difficult. After having done all my research I have found that the most important aspect of assessment is to have the learning intention and success criteria in focus. In UIS, with the self evaluation strategies that we use it develops childrens awareness of their learning needs as well as open doors for teachers to get a better understanding of the pupil. Some teachers tend to give feedback to pupils on areas that are not of much relevance to the objective.It takes a while to get into the habi t of giving appropriate and relevant feedback but the strategy is simple, make sure that the learning intention is mentioned first and then talk about the vicarious features. If it is necessary to mention the secondary features, then say it in a very low tone to the pupil concerned. As the research demonstrates, formative assessment makes a significant difference to childrens progress in their ability to be confident, critical learners, to achieve more than ever before and in procreation their self-esteem.In a world of continuing pressure, it is good to know that we are making a real difference to childrens lives. (Clarke, 2001, p139). Pupils enjoy finding that other children often have the same thoughts, share similar feelings on a particular subject, and have similar problems or successes whilst doing self-evaluation assessment. Ofsted had done a survey on 43 schools and found that 7 of these schools were inadequate in their assessment for learning. Where assessment for learning had had less impact, the teachers had not understood how the approaches were supposed to improve pupils achievement.In particular, they used key aspects of assessment for learning, such as identifying and explaining objectives, questioning, reviewing pupils progress and providing feedback without enough precision and skill. As a result, pupils did not understand enough about what they needed to do to improve and how they would achieve their targets. Teachers did not review learning effectively during lessons opportunities for pupils to assess their own work or that of their peers were infrequent and not always effective(Ofsted).Michael Fullan also suggests that many educational innovations have been frustrated by the inherent but understandable conservatism of teachers. He suggests that real change will only go along where teacher beliefs about teaching and learning have been significantly altered. Education is littered with examples of innovations that have either failed or only been partially implemented because teachers werent convinced the change was necessary and would result in real improvement. The result has been that they merely modify their practice at the edges and then abandon the change after a while because it didnt work for them.More effective use of assessment, particularly formative assessment, will require many teachers to reconsider their approach to teaching and learning and to re-evaluate their working practices(Weeden,2002,p. 127). Therefore if schools and teachers want to make changes they have to have the subject knowledge, be committed and dedicated to continually re-examine their teaching styles. bring up Assessment Reform Group (2002) Assessment for Learning Ten Principles online Available fromwww. assessment-reform-group. org. uk Accessed 19th December 2010Black, P. ,and Wiliam,D. (1998). Inside the black box Raising standards through classroom assessment. Phi Delta Kappan Vol 80, 139-149. Accessed 19th December 2010 Clarke,S. (2 001). Unlocking formative Assessment . London Hodder and Stoughton Clarke,S. (2005)Formative Assessment in Action LondonHodder and Stoughton Eppig, P. (1981) Education by design used in the UK as Critical Skills program by emailprotected (Bristol Education Action Zone) Weeden,P. Winter,J. Broadfoot,P. (2002). Assessment-Whats in it for Schools.online London Routledge Falmer. p. 127. Available from http//northampton. np. eblib. com Accessed27th December 2010 Wragg,E. C (2001). Assessment and Learning in the Primary School online. London Routledge Falmer. p. 27. Available from http//northampton. np. eblib. com Accessed27th December 2010 QCA (1999) Keeping Track,Qualification and Curriculum Authority. http//nationalstrategies. standards. dcsf. gov. uk/primary/primaryframework Appendices 1. Lesson plan 2. Annotated Lesson Plan 3. Assessment sheets 4. working wall 5. Traffic lights.